It’s been an incredibly busy week, in some of the best possible ways. I’m not even sure quite where to begin, but let’s start with my new job.
I am now employed part time by
Safe Haven, which is a partner of
Community First Initiatives. For those who don’t want to take the time to check out those links, here is a brief explanation: Safe Haven is a small organization started by an American woman whose connection to Cambodia started years ago when she came to make a documentary film about children living in the garbage dump. (Sorry, one more link:
Small Voices.) The mission is to one day build a school for children with disabilities, who otherwise have no opportunity for education in Cambodia. Until the school can be built, Safe Haven has an Outreach program that serves up to 50 children in a handful of villages outside of Siem Reap. These children all have one or more disabilities, including things like CP, seizure disorders, Down syndrome, orthopedic problems, or mystery conditions which haven’t yet been diagnosed. Along with the Khmer Project Manager and physiotherapist, my job is to visit these children at home and facilitate their medical care. This means trying to figure out where (if anywhere) they’ve been getting their medical care, what kind of medications they’re taking or should be taking, and will also include accompanying some of them to Phnom Penh in the coming months when they are scheduled for orthopedic surgery, and then following up at home to make sure their recovery goes smoothly. In other words, I’m a visiting nurse again, and I’m very happy about that.
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This beautiful girl is the primary caretaker for her younger brother,
and she does an amazing job. |
Despite whatever neat little explanation I can try to offer about what the job entails, I’m still really trying to figure it out, and as expected, there will be challenges. I have been very lucky in these first two weeks on the job to be able to accompany a visiting team of speech language pathologists from Columbia University who have come to evaluate a number of the children. I always learn something useful when working with professionals from other disciplines, and this has been no exception. It’s been great to tag along on their visits to begin to get the lay of the land and start thinking about how I will gather the information I need from families and what I can then do with that information. As has always been the case in my experience here, getting a history from parents about their child’s health issues is confusing and difficult. So often, what they report doesn’t make any sense based on my Western medical knowledge, and asking the same question in slightly different ways or several different times often gets completely different answers. Again, I cannot tell whether it is a language/translation issue (though the Project Manager seems to be a very good translator) or a lack of understanding on the part of the parents about the facts of the situation. Possibly, it is just because if I ask the same questions more than once, they assume they didn’t yet give me the “right” answer, so they try something different the next time I ask– I have no idea. But this is consistent with all my experiences here, and with those of other professionals, so at least I know it’s not just me.
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This is what happens when the Safe Haven crew makes a home visit:
lots of people gather around to see what's up. |
Here’s an example of the type of challenges that come up. I went with the speech team to visit a five-year-old girl. If she has any particular diagnosis, no one knows what it is. This may be because there just isn’t one, or because the family doesn’t know what it is. She’s been seen at one of the two children’s hospitals in town – unfortunately, at the one that doesn’t allow Westerners inside and never shares any information with anyone, including the other children’s hospital. (The man who runs this place is a master at fund-raising and publicity, but no one knows why he won’t allow any sharing of information, which fuels all sorts of rumors about what really goes on behind those closed doors. Experimental treatments? Pharmaceutical testing? Who knows.) In any case, this lovely little girl presents with gross developmental delays, little recognizable speech, and “severe headaches.”
In trying to get information from her grandmother, who appears to be her primary caretaker, I asked lots of questions about her history, which is always a slow process when done through a translator. This is the picture I got: She was born very small and stayed in the hospital for two weeks because of a “problem with her navel being cut” and being weak. She has been back to the hospital twice since birth for “strong fevers.” Her problem now is that “she gets headaches” a few times a month, but when trying to pin down how they know an essentially nonverbal child has headaches, all I could get was that “first she gets a fever, then she wants to have a seizure, then she has a headache.” When she has an episode, they give her paracetomol (Tylenol) and then “she is fine after 3-4 minutes.” Doesn’t add up. First of all, both “fevers” and “seizures” seem to have a different definition here than we have at home. People often report a fever when they have none, and no one even has a thermometer, so a fever seems to be more of a global “I don’t feel so well” sort of thing. How they can tell that she “wants to have a seizure” is a mystery, and no one can seem to explain whether she has ever actually had a seizure. (Another nonverbal child’s parents reported that they knew when his skin condition was painful because his “lips get very red .” And after that, of course, “he gets a fever.”) The only intervention I’ve been able to make for this kid was to teach them about the correct dose of paracetomol – they were giving this little 12 kg girl a large adult dose of a brand that includes a hefty dose of caffeine. A week after teaching them how to give the dose properly (correct dose at correct intervals), they told me that she was much better and her latest headache didn’t last nearly as long. Who the hell knows? Sometimes I think that the best I can possibly hope for in some of these situations is to at least prevent people from giving toxic doses of medications, which I suppose is worth something.

Another child we saw had an episode of (possibly?) TB meningitis at the age of eight months or so, and has been severely delayed in his development since then. He has been taking a liquid antihistamine twice a day for years, which his mother explained is for his “fevers.” She clarified that which type of medicine she gives him depends on what the local health clinic has in stock at the time, so brand and amount are not consistent. She also had empty bottles of amoxicillin (the cure-all for everything in Cambodia) which she gives him for a few days every time his cough gets bad (which explains the rampant amoxicillin resistance here. His lungs sounded lousy and his overall muscle tone is very floppy, but near the end of the visit, when I asked the mother what she was most worried about related to his health, it turned out to be an itchy skin rash and his severe and chronic constipation. Luckily, I had some good skin cream to offer at the time of that initial visit, which will likely help the rash. I also have some knowledge about treating constipation in children and some expert professionals back home to consult with via email, so with the limited options available here, I hope we’ll be able to tackle the constipation as well over the next few weeks. His respiratory issue is probably the thing I worry about most immediately, but I’m guessing his lungs have sounded lousy for years, and if there’s one thing I know, it’s that identifying what the family is concerned about and trying to address that issue is what works best to begin to build trust and rapport. I shall let you know if that strategy is as useful here as it is at home.
As I said earlier, working with the speech language team has been great. The professor and supervisors are crackerjack at their jobs, and they have seven graduate students with them who are all eager to learn and put their knowledge to some use. I have tried to soak up what they can teach me while they’re here, and I have certainly been soaking up the camaraderie and opportunity to share experiences and ideas. I will miss them all terribly when they’re gone, but I expect to keep in touch and am thrilled to have their expertise only an email away.
The children I have seen so far live about 20-30 minutes away from Siem Reap by motorbike, which provides me with a fantastic opportunity to get out of the traffic and into the countryside. It's particularly beautiful this time of year - green and lush, sometimes wet and muddy, and the fields are dotted with farmers transplanting rice and herding their cows to the next grazing spot. One community served by Safe Haven, Sen Sok, lies about 90 minutes outside of town in an area which can only be reached by big 250 cc motorbikes, and we’ve made two attempts to get to those villages which have so far resulted in a score of Cambodia: 2, Safe Haven: 0.
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| Rice ready for transplanting |
Our first attempt to get to Sen Sok was a week ago. The speech team hired big motorbikes and drivers and we set off in a convoy of three. Within 20 minutes or so, one of the bikes had problems, which turned out to be seized rear brakes, aborting the whole mission. An hour and a half after first setting out, we were back in town where we started, so we installed ourselves in a local restaurant and ordered drinks. It made for a wonderful day of hanging out with wonderful people, but we weren’t exactly doing what we had set out to do, so Plan B was made to try again the following week.
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| This is a monster-sized bike around here. |
Last Friday, we set out again, this time in a convoy of five. After about 45 minutes of riding on the main road, just where we were turning off to hit the dirt, one of the bikes got a flat tire. In general, a flat tire in Cambodia is no big deal because there are mechanics and air pumps everywhere you look, but tubes and tires for the big bikes are not so easily available. Eventually someone was dispatched to go back toward Siem Reap and get what was needed, and after an hour of sitting in the shade and chatting while we waited, all was well again and we set off. We roared along, all of us female passengers hanging on and trying to avoid getting our asses pinched by the seat bouncing against the frame of the bike as we flew over potholes. These bikes are not really designed for two people, especially when one of them is a “sturdy” foreigner, otherwise known as a fat barang. Luckily, the scenery provided lots of distraction, and as the rice fields and palm trees and buffalo and naked children whizzed past, I could only grin at the thought that at that moment, this was my commute to work.
Another 30 minutes or so into the ride, the same bike had a flat again. Now we were nowhere near any source for parts, and there was clearly an underlying problem that wasn’t going to be fixed by yet another innertube, so it was time to find a shady spot again and sort out the options. While the drivers and local staff conferred with village men about our predicament, the rest of us found a roadside shop with the ubiquitous orange cooler and had a beer. Another 45 minutes or so passed – we had started out at 8:30 in the morning and it was now somewhere around noon, and we hadn’t yet seen even one of the four children we hoped to visit.
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| Yup, flat again. |
It became clear that the only option for the broken bike was to have it trucked back to Siem Reap. Most of the homes in the villages where we were going were still too far off or inaccessible for the rest of us to continue the journey given how much of the day had already disappeared, and now everyone was worrying about whether the remaining bikes were going to hold up under the weight of the passengers. The best we could do was to go and see one child who lived not too far away from where we sat, and then all return to town with the broken bike and pick-up truck that was on the way to collect it. So off we went, to see the child who we were all the most anxious to see, a five-year-old with severe CP who was badly malnourished because of his feeding difficulties.
Like some kind of crazy barang circus parade, we all arrived at this child’s home. Three big bikes and four big white people took up most of the space in front of the little stilted palm-leaf house, and the Khmer project manager went to greet the family. Even from afar, I could see by his reaction that something was wrong, and I immediately assumed that after all our efforts to get there, the family probably wasn’t even home. Unfortunately, the news was much worse than that. The child had died a week earlier.
This situation brought many things to my awareness. For one, I’m not completely sure about the culturally appropriate response to this kind of news. I don’t even do well at home knowing what to say to someone who has lost a loved one, and I don’t understand Cambodian beliefs and practices around death nearly well enough. I had to wonder if the death of this severely disabled child was in part a relief for this family. For a family of subsistence farmers, a child who not only can’t contribute to the good of the family but also requires a lot of time and energy to care for is an enormous burden. The situation also made clear the fact that Safe Haven hasn’t yet had to decide how best to respond to a family under these circumstances or what to tell them about future involvement with the organization. In true Cambodian fashion, the mother was smiling and greeting everyone, and someone went to get mats and spread them out in the shade so we could all sit down and talk.
It is impossible to know why this child died. The family described what happened by saying “he had a seizure for 24 hours and then he died.” Did he truly have a seizure? Did he die of complications from his malnutrition? Did he have other underlying medical problems? Did he get a run-of-the-mill illness that his fragile body couldn’t overcome? We have no idea. We don’t much about this child at all – he was only just discovered by Safe Haven staff a short time ago, and as usual, his history was mysterious.
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| Kids in the village checking out the foreigners. |
Children – and adults – die here all the time. They die of things that we never have to think about at home, despite our messed up healthcare system – things like TB and diarrhea and pneumonia. People die of things that we have every expectation can be cured or managed: diabetes, hypertension, appendicitis, bleeding ulcers, cancer. They often die without a diagnosis or any medical attention at all. And even when they can get to a hospital, that doesn’t mean that diagnosis or treatment will be available. I spent a morning at the government Provincial Hospital last week, where I was invited to witness a surgery (actually, I was invited to ASSIST in a surgery!) and the scrub sink outside the operating room had no running water. We had to scoop standing water out of an open plastic bucket to wet and rinse our hands. That’s the state of medical care in Cambodia, in a nutshell. (That hospital experience deserves a blog post all its own, but I’m not sure I have the fortitude to write about it.)
So that’s how I spent some of my time so far trying to get a grip on what my new job will be. I think it will be wonderful and awful and beautiful and painful. I will be dealing with everything from constipation to death. I will spend hours trying but not getting to where I need to be. I will collect black and blue marks on my ass from riding on motorbikes over red dirt roads. I will try to forge relationships with my Khmer co-workers and the families I will visit. I will pass out paracetomol and condolences. I think I will sometimes wonder who the hell I think I am that I expect to be able to do something genuinely helpful, and I hope that sometimes I will have moments of clarity about the fact that I have something, however small, to offer. I will take it all in, and try to figure it out, and hope that I can give back even a tiny percentage of what I gain from this experience. Wish me luck.
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| I wonder where this road will take me? |